Best Practice & Research Clinical Haematology
Volume 21, Issue 3 , Pages 375-389 , September 2008

Adoptive T-cell immunotherapy of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia

References 

  1. Rozman C, Montserrat E. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia. The New England Journal of Medicine. 1995;333:1052–1057
  2. Fialkow PJ, Najfeld V, Reddy AL, et al. Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia: clonal origin in a committed B-lymphocyte progenitor. Lancet. 1978;2:444–446
  3. Lee JS, Dixon DO, Kantarjian HM, et al. Prognosis of chronic lymphocytic leukemia: a multivariate regression analysis of 325 untreated patients. Blood. 1987;69:929–936
  4. Montserrat E, Gomis F, Vallespi T, et al. Presenting features and prognosis of chronic lymphocytic leukemia in younger adults. Blood. 1991;78:1545–1551
  5. Rai KR, Peterson BL, Appelbaum FR, et al. Fludarabine compared with chlorambucil as primary therapy for chronic lymphocytic leukemia. New England Journal of Medicine. 2000;343:1750–1757
  6. O'Brien SM, Kantarjian H, Thomas DA, et al. Rituximab dose-escalation trial in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Journal of Clinical Oncology. 2001;19:2165–2170
  7. Osterborg A, Dyer MJ, Bunjes D, et al. Phase II multicenter study of human CD52 antibody in previously treated chronic lymphocytic leukemia. European Study Group of CAMPATH-1H Treatment in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia. Journal of Clinical Oncology. 1997;15:1567–1574
  8. Pavletic ZS, Arrowsmith ER, Bierman PJ, et al. Outcome of allogeneic stem cell transplantation for B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Bone Marrow Transplantation. 2000;25:717–722
  9. Schetelig J, Thiede C, Bornhauser M, et al. Evidence of a graft-versus-leukemia effect in chronic lymphocytic leukemia after reduced-intensity conditioning and allogeneic stem-cell transplantation: the Cooperative German Transplant Study Group. Journal of Clinical Oncology. 2003;21:2747–2753
  10. Rondon G, Giralt S, Huh Y, et al. Graft-versus-leukemia effect after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation for chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Bone Marrow Transplantation. 1996;18:669–672
  11. Giannopoulos K, Schmitt M. Targets and strategies for T-cell based vaccines in patients with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Leukemia & Lymphoma. 2006;47:2028–2036
  12. Biagi E, Dotti G, Yvon E, et al. Molecular transfer of CD40 and OX40 ligands to leukemic human B cells induces expansion of autologous tumor-reactive cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Blood. 2005;105:2436–2442
  13. Granziero L, Ghia P, Circosta P, et al. Survivin is expressed on CD40 stimulation and interfaces proliferation and apoptosis in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Blood. 2001;97:2777–2783
  14. Johnson LA, Heemskerk B, Powell DJ, et al. Gene transfer of tumor-reactive TCR confers both high avidity and tumor reactivity to nonreactive peripheral blood mononuclear cells and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. Journal of Immunology. 2006;177:6548–6559
  15. Gorgun G, Holderried TA, Zahrieh D, et al. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells induce changes in gene expression of CD4 and CD8 T cells. The Journal of Clinical Investigation. 2005;115:1797–1805
  16. Kater AP, van Oers MH, Kipps TJ. Cellular immune therapy for chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Blood. 2007;110:2811–2818
  17. Wierda WG, Cantwell MJ, Woods SJ, et al. CD40-ligand (CD154) gene therapy for chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Blood. 2000;96:2917–2924
  18. Biagi E, Rousseau R, Yvon E, et al. Responses to human CD40 ligand/human interleukin-2 autologous cell vaccine in patients with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Clinical Cancer Research. 2005;11:6916–6923
  19. Morgan RA, Dudley ME, Wunderlich JR, et al. Cancer regression in patients after transfer of genetically engineered lymphocytes. Science. 2006;314:126–129
  20. Schumacher TN. T-cell-receptor gene therapy. Nature Reviews. Immunology. 2002;2:512–519
  21. Stauss HJ, Cesco-Gaspere M, Thomas S, et al. Monoclonal T-cell receptors: new reagents for cancer therapy. Molecular Therapy : the Journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy. 2007;15:1744–1750
  22. Kuball J, Dossett ML, Wolfl M, et al. Facilitating matched pairing and expression of TCR chains introduced into human T cells. Blood. 2007;109:2331–2338
  23. Maher J, Brentjens RJ, Gunset G, et al. Human T-lymphocyte cytotoxicity and proliferation directed by a single chimeric TCRzeta/CD28 receptor. Nature Biotechnology. 2002;20:70–75
  24. Khong HT, Restifo NP. Natural selection of tumor variants in the generation of ‘tumor escape’ phenotypes. Nature Immunology. 2002;3:999–1005
  25. Gottschalk S, Ng CY, Perez M, et al. An Epstein-Barr virus deletion mutant associated with fatal lymphoproliferative disease unresponsive to therapy with virus-specific CTLs. Blood. 2001;97:835–843
  26. Xue SA, Gao L, Hart D, et al. Elimination of human leukemia cells in NOD/SCID mice by WT1-TCR gene-transduced human T cells. Blood. 2005;106:3062–3067
  27. Hedrick SM. Chimeric T cell receptor-immunoglobulin molecules: function and applications. International Reviews of Immunology. 1993;10:279–290
  28. Eshhar Z, Waks T, Gross G, et al. Specific activation and targeting of cytotoxic lymphocytes through chimeric single chains consisting of antibody-binding domains and the gamma or zeta subunits of the immunoglobulin and T-cell receptors. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 1993;90:720–724
  29. Rossig C, Bollard CM, Nuchtern JG, et al. Targeting of G(D2)-positive tumor cells by human T lymphocytes engineered to express chimeric T-cell receptor genes. International Journal of Cancer. 2001;94:228–236
  30. Heslop HE, Ng CY, Li C, et al. Long-term restoration of immunity against Epstein-Barr virus infection by adoptive transfer of gene-modified virus-specific T lymphocytes. Nature Medicine. 1996;2:551–555
  31. Jensen MC, Cooper LJ, Wu AM, et al. Engineered CD20-specific primary human cytotoxic T lymphocytes for targeting B-cell malignancy. Cytotherapy. 2003;5:131–138
  32. Cooper LJ, Topp MS, Serrano LM, et al. T-cell clones can be rendered specific for CD19: toward the selective augmentation of the graft-versus-B-lineage leukemia effect. Blood. 2003;101:1637–1644
  33. Rossig C, Brenner MK. Chimeric T-cell receptors for the targeting of cancer cells. Acta Haematologica. 2003;110:154–159
  34. Brentjens RJ, Latouche JB, Santos E, et al. Eradication of systemic B-cell tumors by genetically targeted human T lymphocytes co-stimulated by CD80 and interleukin-15. Nature Medicine. 2003;9:279–286
  35. Vera J, Savoldo B, Vigouroux S, et al. T-lymphocytes redirected against the kappa light chain of human immunoglobulin efficiently kill mature B-lymphocyte derived malignant cells. Blood. 2006;108:3890–3897
  36. Zegers BJ, Maertzdorf WJ, Van Loghem E, et al. Kappa-chain deficiency. An immunoglobulin disorder. New England Journal of Medicine. 1976;294:1026–1030
  37. Mitsuyasu RT, Anton PA, Deeks SG, et al. Prolonged survival and tissue trafficking following adoptive transfer of CD4zeta gene-modified autologous CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells in human immunodeficiency virus-infected subjects. Blood. 2000;96:785–793
  38. Kershaw MH, Westwood JA, Parker LL, et al. A phase I study on adoptive immunotherapy using gene-modified T cells for ovarian cancer. Clinical Cancer Research. 2006;12:6106–6115
  39. Park JR, Digiusto DL, Slovak M, et al. Adoptive transfer of chimeric antigen receptor re-directed cytolytic T lymphocyte clones in patients with neuroblastoma. Molecular Therapy : the Journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy. 2007;15:825–833
  40. Jensen MC, Popplewell L, DiGiusto , et al. A first-in-human clinical trial of adoptive therapy using CD19-specific chimeric antigen receptor re-directed T-cells for recurrent/refractory follicular lymphoma. [abstract] Blood. 2008;110:92a
  41. Finney HM, Lawson AD, Bebbington CR, et al. Chimeric receptors providing both primary and costimulatory signaling in T cells from a single gene product. Journal of Immunology. 1998;161:2791–2797
  42. Pule MA, Straathof KC, Dotti G, et al. A chimeric T cell antigen receptor that augments cytokine release and supports clonal expansion of primary human T cells. Molecular Therapy : the Journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy. 2005;12:933–941
  43. Kowolik CM, Topp MS, Gonzalez S, et al. CD28 costimulation provided through a CD19-specific chimeric antigen receptor enhances in vivo persistence and antitumor efficacy of adoptively transferred T cells. Cancer Research. 2006;66:10995–11004
  44. Loskog A, Giandomenico V, Rossig C, et al. Addition of the CD28 signaling domain to chimeric T-cell receptors enhances chimeric T-cell resistance to T regulatory cells. Leukemia. 2006;20:1819–1828
  45. Dannull J, Su Z, Rizzieri D, et al. Enhancement of vaccine-mediated antitumor immunity in cancer patients after depletion of regulatory T cells. The Journal of Clinical Investigation. 2005;115:3623–3633
  46. Bollard CM, Rossig C, Calonge MJ, et al. Adapting a transforming growth factor beta-related tumor protection strategy to enhance antitumor immunity. Blood. 2002;99:3179–3187
  47. Park CH, Bergsagel DE, McCulloch EA. Mouse myeloma tumor stem cells: a primary cell culture assay. Journal of the National Cancer Institute. 1971;46:411–422
  48. Bonnet D, Dick JE. Human acute myeloid leukemia is organized as a hierarchy that originates from a primitive hematopoietic cell. Nature Medicine. 1997;3:730–737
  49. Reya T, Morrison SJ, Clarke MF, et al. Stem cells, cancer, and cancer stem cells. Nature. 2001;414:105–111
  50. Dameshek W. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia – an accumulative disease of immunologically incompetent lymphocytes. Blood. 1967;29(Suppl):84
  51. Caligaris-Cappio F, Hamblin TJ. B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia: a bird of a different feather. Journal of Clinical Oncology. 1999;17:399–408
  52. Pezzella F, Tse AG, Cordell JL, et al. Expression of the bcl-2 oncogene protein is not specific for the 14;18 chromosomal translocation. The American Journal of Pathology. 1990;137:225–232
  53. Schena M, Larsson LG, Gottardi D, et al. Growth- and differentiation-associated expression of bcl-2 in B-chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells. Blood. 1992;79:2981–2989
  54. Kitada S, Zapata JM, Andreeff M, et al. Bryostatin and CD40-ligand enhance apoptosis resistance and induce expression of cell survival genes in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. British Journal of Haematology. 1999;106:995–1004
  55. Lankester AC, van Schijndel GM, van der Schoot CE, et al. Antigen receptor nonresponsiveness in chronic lymphocytic leukemia B cells. Blood. 1995;86:1090–1097
  56. Chiorazzi N, Ferrarini M. Evolving view of the in-vivo kinetics of chronic lymphocytic leukemia B cells. Hematology / the Education Program of the American Society of Hematology. 2006;512:273–278
  57. Andreeff M, Darzynkiewicz Z, Sharpless TK, et al. Discrimination of human leukemia subtypes by flow cytometric analysis of cellular DNA and RNA. Blood. 1980;55:282–293
  58. Meinhardt G, Wendtner CM, Hallek M. Molecular pathogenesis of chronic lymphocytic leukemia: factors and signaling pathways regulating cell growth and survival. Journal of Molecular Medicine. 1999;77:282–293
  59. Hellerstein MK. Measurement of T-cell kinetics: recent methodologic advances. Immunology Today. 1999;20:438–441
  60. Messmer BT, Messmer D, Allen SL, et al. In vivo measurements document the dynamic cellular kinetics of chronic lymphocytic leukemia B cells. The Journal of Clinical Investigation. 2005;115:755–764
  61. Damle RN, Temburni S, Calissano C, et al. CD38 expression labels an activated subset within chronic lymphocytic leukemia clones enriched in proliferating B cells. Blood. 2007;110:3352–3359
  62. Vrhovac R, Delmer A, Tang R, et al. Prognostic significance of the cell cycle inhibitor p27Kip1 in chronic B-cell lymphocytic leukemia. Blood. 1998;91:4694–4700
  63. Ringshausen I, Peschel C, Decker T. Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibition in chronic lymphocytic B-cell leukemia: a new therapeutic option. Leukemia & Lymphoma. 2005;46:11–19
  64. Goodell MA, Brose K, Paradis G, et al. Isolation and functional properties of murine hematopoietic stem cells that are replicating in vivo. The Journal of Experimental Medicine. 1996;183:1797–1806
  65. Goodell MA, Rosenzweig M, Kim H, et al. Dye efflux studies suggest that hematopoietic stem cells expressing low or undetectable levels of CD34 antigen exist in multiple species. Nature Medicine. 1997;3:1337–1345
  66. Challen GA, Little MH. A side order of stem cells: the SP phenotype. Stem Cells. 2006;24:3–12
  67. Wulf GG, Wang RY, Kuehnle I, et al. A leukemic stem cell with intrinsic drug efflux capacity in acute myeloid leukemia. Blood. 2001;98:1166–1173
  68. Hirschmann-Jax C, Foster AE, Wulf GG, et al. A distinct ‘side population’ of cells with high drug efflux capacity in human tumor cells. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 2004;101:14228–14233
  69. Kondo T, Setoguchi T, Taga T. Persistence of a small subpopulation of cancer stem-like cells in the C6 glioma cell line. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 2004;101:781–786
  70. Chiba T, Kita K, Zheng YW, et al. Side population purified from hepatocellular carcinoma cells harbors cancer stem cell-like properties. Hepatology. 2006;44:240–251
  71. Patrawala L, Calhoun T, Schneider-Broussard R, et al. Side population is enriched in tumorigenic, stem-like cancer cells, whereas ABCG2+ and ABCG2- cancer cells are similarly tumorigenic. Cancer Research. 2005;65:6207–6219
  72. Zhou J, Wulfkuhle J, Zhang H, et al. Activation of the PTEN/mTOR/STAT3 pathway in breast cancer stem-like cells is required for viability and maintenance. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 2007;104:16158–16163
  73. Matsui W, Wang Q, Barber JP, et al. Clonogenic multiple myeloma progenitors, stem cell properties, and drug resistance. Cancer Research. 2008;68:190–197
  74. Kayo H, Yamazaki H, Nishida H, et al. Stem cell properties and the side population cells as a target for interferon-alpha in adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 2007;364:808–814
  75. Rooney CM, Smith CA, Ng CY, et al. Use of gene-modified virus-specific T lymphocytes to control Epstein-Barr-virus-related lymphoproliferation. Lancet. 1995;345:9–13
  76. Dudley ME, Wunderlich JR, Robbins PF, et al. Cancer regression and autoimmunity in patients after clonal repopulation with antitumor lymphocytes. Science. 2002;298:850–854
  77. Straathof KC, Bollard CM, Popat U, et al. Treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma with Epstein-Barr virus-specific T lymphocytes. Blood. 2005;105:1898–1904
  78. Bollard CM, Gottschalk S, Leen AM, et al. Complete responses of relapsed lymphoma following genetic modification of tumor-antigen presenting cells and T-lymphocyte transfer. Blood. 2007;110:2838–2845
  79. Giannopoulos K, Li L, Bojarska-Junak A, et al. Expression of RHAMM/CD168 and other tumor-associated antigens in patients with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia. International Journal of Oncology. 2006;29:95–103
  80. Brickner AG, Evans AM, Mito JK, et al. The PANE1 gene encodes a novel human minor histocompatibility antigen that is selectively expressed in B-lymphoid cells and B-CLL. Blood. 2006;107:3779–3786
  81. Bonnet D, Warren EH, Greenberg PD, et al. CD8(+) minor histocompatibility antigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte clones eliminate human acute myeloid leukemia stem cells. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 1999;96:8639–8644
  82. Rosinski KV, Fujii N, Mito JK, et al. DDX3Y encodes a class I MHC-restricted H-Y antigen that is expressed in leukemic stem cells. Blood. 2008;111:4817–4826
  83. Steele JC, Torr EE, Noakes KL, et al. The polycomb group proteins, BMI-1 and EZH2, are tumour-associated antigens. British Journal of Cancer. 2006;95:1202–1211
  84. Raaphorst FM, Meijer CJ, Fieret E, et al. Poorly differentiated breast carcinoma is associated with increased expression of the human polycomb group EZH2 gene. Neoplasia. 2003;5:481–488
  85. Lessard J, Sauvageau G. Bmi-1 determines the proliferative capacity of normal and leukaemic stem cells. Nature. 2003;423:255–260
  86. Bracken AP, Pasini D, Capra M, et al. EZH2 is downstream of the pRB-E2F pathway, essential for proliferation and amplified in cancer. The EMBO Journal. 2003;22:5323–5335
  87. Ranheim EA, Kipps TJ. Activated T cells induce expression of B7/BB1 on normal or leukemic B cells through a CD40-dependent signal. The Journal of Experimental Medicine. 1993;177:925–935
  88. Takahashi S, Rousseau RF, Yotnda P, et al. Autologous antileukemic immune response induced by chronic lymphocytic leukemia B cells expressing the CD40 ligand and interleukin 2 transgenes. Human Gene Therapy. 2001;12:659–670
  89. Wierda WG, Kipps TJ, Keating MJ. Novel immune-based treatment strategies for chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Journal of Clinical Oncology. 2005;23:6325–6332
  90. Laytragoon-Lewin N, Rossmann ED, Castro J, et al. Significance of phosphotyrosine proteins, Bcl-2 and p53 for apoptosis in resting B-chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells. International Journal of Cancer. 2002;97:344–348

PII: S1521-6926(08)00068-6

doi: 10.1016/j.beha.2008.08.002

Best Practice & Research Clinical Haematology
Volume 21, Issue 3 , Pages 375-389 , September 2008