Best Practice & Research Clinical Haematology
Volume 21, Issue 3 , Pages 421-436 , September 2008

Vaccine therapy and chronic lymphocytic leukaemia

  • Alan G. Ramsay, PhD (Senior Research Scientist)
  • ,
  • John G. Gribben, MD, DSc (Professor)

      Affiliations

    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author. Tel.: +44 (0)20 7882 6052; Fax: +44 (0)20 7882 6126.

References 

  1. Gribben JG. Stem-cell transplantation in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. Best Practice & Research. Clinical Haematology. 2007;20:513–527
  2. Hus I, Schmitt M, Tabarkiewicz J, et al. Vaccination of B-CLL patients with autologous dendritic cells can change the frequency of leukemia antigen-specific CD8 + T cells as well as CD4 + CD25 + FoxP3+ regulatory T cells toward an antileukemia response. Leukemia. 2008;22:1007–1017
  3. Spaner DE, Hammond C, Mena J, et al. A phase I/II trial of oxidized autologous tumor vaccines during the ‘watch and wait’ phase of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy. 2005;54:635–646
  4. Wierda WG, Cantwell MJ, Woods SJ, et al. CD40-ligand (CD154) gene therapy for chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Blood. 2000;96:2917–2924
  5. Bonyhadi M, Frohlich M, Rasmussen A, et al. In vitro engagement of CD3 and CD28 corrects T cell defects in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Journal of Immunology. 2005;174:2366–2375
  6. Gribben JG, Zahrieh D, Stephans K, et al. Autologous and allogeneic stem cell transplantations for poor-risk chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Blood. 2005;106:4389–4396
  7. Krackhardt AM, Witzens M, Harig S, et al. Identification of tumor-associated antigens in chronic lymphocytic leukemia by SEREX. Blood. 2002;100:2123–2131
  8. Trojan A, Schultze JL, Witzens M, et al. Immunoglobulin framework-derived peptides function as cytotoxic T-cell epitopes commonly expressed in B-cell malignancies. Nature Medicine. 2000;6:667–672
  9. Harig S, Witzens M, Krackhardt AM, et al. Induction of cytotoxic T-cell responses against immunoglobulin V region-derived peptides modified at human leukocyte antigen-A2 binding residues. Blood. 2001;98:2999–3005
  10. Mauerer K, Zahrieh D, Gorgun G, et al. Immunoglobulin gene segment usage, location and immunogenicity in mutated and unmutated chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. British Journal of Haematology. 2005;129:499–510
  11. Zirlik KM, Zahrieh D, Neuberg D, et al. Cytotoxic T cells generated against heteroclitic peptides kill primary tumor cells independent of the binding affinity of the native tumor antigen peptide. Blood. 2006;108:3865–3870
  12. Schmidt SM, Schag K, Muller MR, et al. Induction of adipophilin-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes using a novel HLA-A2-binding peptide that mediates tumor cell lysis. Cancer Research. 2004;64:1164–1170
  13. Bund D, Mayr C, Kofler DM, et al. CD23 is recognized as tumor-associated antigen (TAA) in B-CLL by CD8+ autologous T lymphocytes. Experimental Hematology. 2007;35:920–930
  14. Bund D, Mayr C, Kofler DM, et al. Human Ly9 (CD229) as novel tumor-associated antigen (TAA) in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) recognized by autologous CD8 + T cells. Experimental Hematology. 2006;34:860–869
  15. Mayr C, Bund D, Schlee M, et al. Fibromodulin as a novel tumor-associated antigen (TAA) in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), which allows expansion of specific CD8+ autologous T lymphocytes. Blood. 2005;105:1566–1573
  16. Mayr C, Kofler DM, Buning H, et al. Transduction of CLL cells by CD40 ligand enhances an antigen-specific immune recognition by autologous T cells. Blood. 2005;106:3223–3226
  17. Favaro PM, de Souza Medina S, Traina F, et al. Human leukocyte formin: a novel protein expressed in lymphoid malignancies and associated with Akt. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 2003;311:365–371
  18. Schuster IG, Busch DH, Eppinger E, et al. Allorestricted T cells with specificity for the FMNL1-derived peptide PP2 have potent antitumor activity against hematologic and other malignancies. Blood. 2007;110:2931–2939
  19. Mayr C, Bund D, Schlee M, et al. MDM2 is recognized as a tumor-associated antigen in chronic lymphocytic leukemia by CD8+ autologous T lymphocytes. Experimental Hematology. 2006;34:44–53
  20. Korver W, Singh S, Liu S, et al. The lymphoid cell surface receptor NTB-A: a novel monoclonal antibody target for leukaemia and lymphoma therapeutics. British Journal of Haematology. 2007;137:307–318
  21. Siegel S, Wagner A, Kabelitz D, et al. Induction of cytotoxic T-cell responses against the oncofetal antigen-immature laminin receptor for the treatment of hematologic malignancies. Blood. 2003;102:4416–4423
  22. Siegel S, Wagner A, Friedrichs B, et al. Identification of HLA-A*0201-presented T cell epitopes derived from the oncofetal antigen-immature laminin receptor protein in patients with hematological malignancies. Journal of Immunology. 2006;176:6935–6944
  23. Baskar S, Kwong KY, Hofer T, et al. Unique cell surface expression of receptor tyrosine kinase ROR1 in human B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Clinical Cancer Research. 2008;14:396–404
  24. Fukuda T, Chen L, Endo T, et al. Antisera induced by infusions of autologous Ad-CD154-leukemia B cells identify ROR1 as an oncofetal antigen and receptor for Wnt5a. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 2008;105:3047–3052
  25. Giannopoulos K, Li L, Bojarska-Junak A, et al. Expression of RHAMM/CD168 and other tumor-associated antigens in patients with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia. International Journal of Oncology. 2006;29:95–103
  26. Hus I, Rolinski J, Tabarkiewicz J, et al. Allogeneic dendritic cells pulsed with tumor lysates or apoptotic bodies as immunotherapy for patients with early-stage B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Leukemia. 2005;19:1621–1627
  27. Schmidt SM, Schag K, Muller MR, et al. Survivin is a shared tumor-associated antigen expressed in a broad variety of malignancies and recognized by specific cytotoxic T cells. Blood. 2003;102:571–576
  28. Reker S, Meier A, Holten-Andersen L, et al. Identification of novel survivin-derived CTL epitopes. Cancer Biology & Therapy. 2004;3:173–179
  29. Wang Z, Zhang Y, Mandal A, et al. The spermatozoa protein, SLLP1, is a novel cancer-testis antigen in hematologic malignancies. Clinical Cancer Research. 2004;10:6544–6550
  30. Kokhaei P, Palma M, Hansson L, et al. Telomerase (hTERT 611–626) serves as a tumor antigen in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia and generates spontaneously antileukemic, cytotoxic T cells. Experimental Hematology. 2007;35:297–304
  31. Stevenson FK, Gregg EO, Smith JL, et al. Secretion of immunoglobulin by neoplastic B lymphocytes from lymph nodes of patients with lymphoma. British Journal of Cancer. 1984;50:579–586
  32. Stevenson FK, Smith GJ, North J, et al. Use of a cross reacting anti-idiotype to identify normal counterparts of neoplastic cells. Nouvelle revue française d'hématologie. 1988;30:299–300
  33. Rezvany MR, Jeddi-Tehrani M, Biberfeld P, et al. Dendritic cells in patients with non-progressive B-chronic lymphocytic leukaemia have a normal functional capability but abnormal cytokine pattern. British Journal of Haematology. 2001;115:263–271
  34. Orsini E, Guarini A, Chiaretti S, et al. The circulating dendritic cell compartment in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia is severely defective and unable to stimulate an effective T-cell response. Cancer Research. 2003;63:4497–4506
  35. Messmer D, Telusma G, Wasil T, et al. Dendritic cells from chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients are normal regardless of Ig V gene mutation status. Molecular Medicine (Cambridge, Mass.). 2004;10:96–103
  36. Krackhardt AM, Harig S, Witzens M, et al. T-cell responses against chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells: implications for immunotherapy. Blood. 2002;100:167–173
  37. Wendtner CM, Kofler DM, Theiss HD, et al. Efficient gene transfer of CD40 ligand into primary B-CLL cells using recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) vectors. Blood. 2002;100:1655–1661
  38. Kofler DM, Buning H, Mayr C, et al. Engagement of the B-cell antigen receptor (BCR) allows efficient transduction of ZAP-70-positive primary B-CLL cells by recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) vectors. Gene Therapy. 2004;11:1416–1424
  39. Tolba KA, Bowers WJ, Hilchey SP, et al. Development of herpes simplex virus-1 amplicon-based immunotherapy for chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Blood. 2001;98:287–295
  40. Tolba KA, Bowers WJ, Eling DJ, et al. HSV amplicon-mediated delivery of LIGHT enhances the antigen-presenting capacity of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Molecular Therapy. 2002;6:455–463
  41. Eling DJ, Johnson PA, Sharma S, et al. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia B cells are highly sensitive to infection by herpes simplex virus-1 via herpesvirus-entry-mediator A. Gene Therapy. 2000;7:1210–1216
  42. Li LH, Biagi E, Allen C, et al. Rapid and efficient nonviral gene delivery of CD154 to primary chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells. Cancer Gene Therapy. 2006;13:215–224
  43. Van Bockstaele F, Pede V, Naessens E, et al. Efficient gene transfer in CLL by mRNA electroporation. Leukemia. 2008;22:323–329
  44. Schultze J, Nadler LM, Gribben JG. B7-mediated costimulation and the immune response. Blood Reviews. 1996;10:111–127
  45. Wendtner CM, Nolte A, Mangold E, et al. Gene transfer of the costimulatory molecules B7-1 and B7-2 into human multiple myeloma cells by recombinant adeno-associated virus enhances the cytolytic T cell response. Gene Therapy. 1997;4:726–735
  46. Briones J, Timmerman J, Levy R. In vivo antitumor effect of CD40L-transduced tumor cells as a vaccine for B-cell lymphoma. Cancer Research. 2002;62:3195–3199
  47. Briones J, Timmerman JM, Panicalli DL, et al. Antitumor immunity after vaccination with B lymphoma cells overexpressing a triad of costimulatory molecules. Journal of the National Cancer Institute. 2003;95:548–555
  48. Palena C, Foon KA, Panicali D, et al. Potential approach to immunotherapy of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL): enhanced immunogenicity of CLL cells via infection with vectors encoding for multiple costimulatory molecules. Blood. 2005;106:3515–3523
  49. Ranheim EA, Kipps TJ. Activated T cells induce expression of B7/BB1 on normal or leukemic B cells through a CD40-dependent signal. The Journal of Experimental Medicine. 1993;177:925–935
  50. Cantwell M, Hua T, Pappas J, et al. Acquired CD40-ligand deficiency in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Nature Medicine. 1997;3:984–989
  51. Ranheim EA, Kipps TJ. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha facilitates induction of CD80 (B7-1) and CD54 on human B cells by activated T cells: complex regulation by IL-4, IL-10, and CD40L. Cellular Immunology. 1995;161:226–235
  52. Kato K, Cantwell MJ, Sharma S, et al. Gene transfer of CD40-ligand induces autologous immune recognition of chronic lymphocytic leukemia B cells. The Journal of Clinical Investigation. 1998;101:1133–1141
  53. Gricks CS, Zahrieh D, Zauls AJ, et al. Differential regulation of gene expression following CD40 activation of leukemic compared to healthy B cells. Blood. 2004;104:4002–4009
  54. Chu P, Deforce D, Pedersen IM, et al. Latent sensitivity to Fas-mediated apoptosis after CD40 ligation may explain activity of CD154 gene therapy in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 2002;99:3854–3859
  55. Dicker F, Kater AP, Fukuda T, et al. Fas-ligand (CD178) and TRAIL synergistically induce apoptosis of CD40-activated chronic lymphocytic leukemia B cells. Blood. 2005;105:3193–3198
  56. de Totero D, Tazzari PL, Capaia M, et al. CD40 triggering enhances fludarabine-induced apoptosis of chronic lymphocytic leukemia B-cells through autocrine release of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interferon-gama and tumor necrosis factor receptor-I-II upregulation. Haematologica. 2003;88:148–158
  57. Takahashi S, Yotnda P, Rousseau RF, et al. Transgenic expression of CD40L and interleukin-2 induces an autologous antitumor immune response in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Cancer Gene Therapy. 2001;8:378–387
  58. Nishimura T, Watanabe K, Yahata T, et al. Application of interleukin 12 to antitumor cytokine and gene therapy. Cancer Chemotherapy and Pharmacology. 1996;38(Suppl.):S27–S34
  59. Dicker F, Kater AP, Prada CE, et al. CD154 induces p73 to overcome the resistance to apoptosis of chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells lacking functional p53. Blood. 2006;108:3450–3457
  60. Biagi E, Rousseau R, Yvon E, et al. Responses to human CD40 ligand/human interleukin-2 autologous cell vaccine in patients with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Clinical Cancer Research. 2005;11:6916–6923
  61. Takahashi S, Rousseau RF, Yotnda P, et al. Autologous antileukemic immune response induced by chronic lymphocytic leukemia B cells expressing the CD40 ligand and interleukin 2 transgenes. Human Gene Therapy. 2001;12:659–670
  62. Biagi E, Dotti G, Yvon E, et al. Molecular transfer of CD40 and OX40 ligands to leukemic human B cells induces expansion of autologous tumor-reactive cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Blood. 2005;105:2436–2442
  63. Vera J, Savoldo B, Vigouroux S, et al. T lymphocytes redirected against the kappa light chain of human immunoglobulin efficiently kill mature B lymphocyte-derived malignant cells. Blood. 2006;108:3890–3897
  64. Wang J, Press OW, Lindgren CG, et al. Cellular immunotherapy for follicular lymphoma using genetically modified CD20-specific CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Molecular Therapy. 2004;9:577–586
  65. Imai C, Iwamoto S, Campana D. Genetic modification of primary natural killer cells overcomes inhibitory signals and induces specific killing of leukemic cells. Blood. 2005;106:376–383
  66. Gorgun G, Holderried TA, Zahrieh D, et al. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells induce changes in gene expression of CD4 and CD8 T cells. The Journal of Clinical Investigation. 2005;115:1797–1805
  67. Ramsay AG, Johnson A, Lee AM, et al. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells induce defects in immunological synapse that can be reversed using an immunomodulatory drug. The Journal of Clinical Investigation. 2008;118:2427–2437
  68. Hami LS, Green C, Leshinsky N, et al. GMP production and testing of Xcellerated T cells for the treatment of patients with CLL. Cytotherapy. 2004;6:554–562

PII: S1521-6926(08)00061-3

doi: 10.1016/j.beha.2008.07.005

Best Practice & Research Clinical Haematology
Volume 21, Issue 3 , Pages 421-436 , September 2008