Best Practice & Research Clinical Haematology
Volume 20, Issue 4 , Pages 737-746 , December 2007

Frontline treatment in multiple myeloma patients not eligible for stem-cell transplantation

  • Thierry Facon, MD (Professor)

      Affiliations

    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author. Tel.: +33-3-20-44-57-12; Fax: +33-3-20-44-47-08.
  • ,
  • Stéphane Darre, MD (Assistant Professor)

References 

  1. Attal M, Harousseau JL, Stoppa AM, et al. A prospective, randomized trial of autologous bone marrow transplantation and chemotherapy in multiple myeloma. Intergroupe Francais du Myelome. The New England Journal of Medicine. 1996;335:91–97
  2. Badros A, Barlogie B, Siegel E, et al. Autologous stem-cell transplantation in elderly multiple myeloma patients over the age of 70 years. British Journal of Haematology. 2001;114:600–607
  3. Jantunen E, Kuittinen T, Penttila K, et al. High-dose melphalan (200 mg/m2) supported by autologous stem-cell transplantation is safe and effective in elderly (≥65 years) myeloma patients: comparison with younger patients treated on the same protocol. Bone Marrow Transplantation. 2006;37:917–922
  4. Alexanian R, Haut A, Khan AU, et al. Treatment for multiple myeloma. Combination chemotherapy with different melphalan dose regimens. The Journal of the American Medical Association. 1969;208:1680–1685
  5. Bataille R, Harousseau JL. Multiple myeloma. The New England Journal of Medicine. 1997;336:1657–1664
  6. Facon T, Mary JY, Pegourie B, et al. Dexamethasone-based regimens versus melphalan-prednisone for elderly multiple myeloma patients ineligible for high-dose therapy. Blood. 2006;107:1292–1298
  7. Myeloma Trialists' Collaborative Group. Combination chemotherapy versus melphalan plus prednisone as treatment for multiple myeloma: an overview of 6,633 patients from 27 randomized trials. Journal of Clinical Oncology. 1998;16:3832–3842
  8. Alexanian R, Dimopoulos MA, Delasalle K, et al. Primary dexamethasone treatment of multiple myeloma. Blood. 1992;80:887–890
  9. Hernandez JM, Garcia-Sanz R, Golvano E, et al. Randomized comparison of dexamethasone combined with melphalan versus melphalan with prednisone in the treatment of elderly patients with multiple myeloma. British Journal of Haematology. 2004;127:159–164
  10. Singhal S, Mehta J, Desikan R, et al. Antitumor activity of thalidomide in refractory multiple myeloma. The New England Journal of Medicine. 1999;341:1565–1571
  11. Palumbo A, Bertola A, Musto P, et al. Oral melphalan, prednisone, and thalidomide for newly diagnosed patients with myeloma. Cancer. 2005;104:1428–1433
  12. Palumbo A, Bringhen S, Caravita T, et al. Oral melphalan and prednisone chemotherapy plus thalidomide compared with melphalan and prednisone alone in elderly patients with multiple myeloma: randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2006;367:825–831
  13. Facon T, Mary JY, Hulin C, et al. Superiority of melphalan and prednisone chemotherapy plus thalidomide over melphalan and prednisone alone or reduced-intensity autologous stem-cell transplantation in elderly patients. Lancet. 2007;370:1209–1218
  14. Hulin C, Virion J, Leleu X, et al. Comarison of melphalan-prednisone-thalidomide (MPT) to melphalan-prednisone (MP) in patients 75 years of age or older with untreated multiple myeloma (MM). Preliminary results of the randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled IFM 01-01 trial (Intergroupe Francophone du Myelome). [abstract 8001] Journal of Clinical Oncology. 2007;25:441s
  15. Richardson PG, Barlogie B, Berenson J, et al. A phase 2 study of bortezomib in relapsed, refractory myeloma. The New England Journal of Medicine. 2003;348:2609–2617
  16. Richardson PG, Sonneveld P, Schuster MW, et al. Bortezomib or high-dose dexamethasone for relapsed multiple myeloma. The New England Journal of Medicine. 2005;352:2487–2498
  17. Mitsiades N, Mitsiades CS, Richardson PG, et al. The proteasome inhibitor PS-341 potentiates sensitivity of multiple myeloma cells to conventional chemotherapeutic agents: therapeutic applications. Blood. 2003;101:2377–2380
  18. Ma MH, Yang HH, Parker K, et al. The proteasome inhibitor PS-341 markedly enhances sensitivity of multiple myeloma tumor cells to chemotherapeutic agents. Clinical Cancer Research. 2003;9:1136–1144
  19. Berenson JR, Yang HH, Sadler K, et al. Phase I/II trial assessing bortezomib and melphalan combination therapy for the treatment of patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma. Journal of Clinical Oncology. 2006;24:937–944
  20. Mateos MV, Hernandez JM, Hernandez MT, et al. Bortezomib plus melphalan and prednisone in elderly untreated patients with multiple myeloma: results of a multicenter phase 1/2 study. Blood. 2006;108:2165–2172
  21. Mateos MV, Hernandez JM, Hernandez MT. Bortezomib plus melphalan and prednisone (VMP) in elderly untreated patients with multiple myeloma: prognostic factorsinfluencing time to progression. Haematologica. 2007;92:148
  22. Mitsiades N, Mitsiades CS, Poulaki V, et al. Apoptotic signaling induced by immunomodulatory thalidomide analogs in human multiple myeloma cells: therapeutic implications. Blood. 2002;99:4525–4530
  23. Richardson PG, Schlossman RL, Weller E, et al. Immunomodulatory drug CC-5013 overcomes drug resistance and is well tolerated in patients with relapsed multiple myeloma. Blood. 2002;100:3063–3067
  24. Rajkumar SV, Hayman SR, Lacy MQ, et al. Combination therapy with lenalidomide plus dexamethasone (Rev/Dex) for newly diagnosed myeloma. Blood. 2005;106:4050–4053
  25. Richardson PG, Blood E, Mitsiades CS, et al. A randomized phase 2 study of lenalidomide therapy for patients with relapsed or relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma. Blood. 2006;108:3458–3464
  26. Palumbo A, Falco P, Corradini P, et al. Oral melphalan, prednisone and lenalidomide for elderly newly diagnosed myeloma patients. [abstract 402] Haematologica/The Hematology Journal. 2007;92(s1):148
  27. Rajkumar SV, Blood E, Vesole D, et al. Phase III clinical trial of thalidomide plus dexamethasone compared with dexamethasone alone in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma: a clinical trial coordinated by the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group. Journal of Clinical Oncology. 2006;24:431–436
  28. Ludwig H, Tothova E, Hajek R, et al. Thalidomide-dexamethasone versus melphalan-prednisolone as first line treatment in elderly patients with multiple myeloma:second interim analysis. Haematologica. 2007;92:166
  29. Dingli D, Rajkumar SV, Nowakowski GS, et al. Combination therapy with thalidomide and dexamethasone in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma not undergoing upfront autologous stem-cell transplantation: a phase II trial. Haematologica. 2005;90:1650–1654
  30. Offidani M, Corvatta L, Piersantelli MN, et al. Thalidomide, dexamethasone, and pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (ThaDD) for patients older than 65 years with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma. Blood. 2006;108:2159–2164
  31. Kyriakou C, Thomson K, D'Sa S, et al. Low-dose thalidomide in combination with oral weekly cyclophosphamide and pulsed dexamethasone is a well tolerated and effective regimen in patients with relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma. British Journal of Haematology. 2005;129:763–770
  32. Palumbo A, Giaccone L, Bertola A, et al. Low-dose thalidomide plus dexamethasone is an effective salvage therapy for advanced myeloma. Haematologica. 2001;86:399–403
  33. Coleman M, Leonard J, Lyons L, et al. BLT-D (clarithromycin [Biaxin], low-dose thalidomide, and dexamethasone) for the treatment of myeloma and Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia. Leukemia & Lymphoma. 2002;43:1777–1782
  34. Rajkumar SV, Jacobus S, Callander N, et al. Phase III trial of lenalidomide plus high-dose dexamethasone compared to lenalidomide plus low-dose dexamethasone in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (E4A03): a trial coordinated by the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group. Journal of Clinical Oncology. 2007;25:447s
  35. Alexanian R. Monoclonal gammopathy in lymphoma. Archives of Internal Medicine. 1975;135:62–66
  36. Belch A, Shelley W, Bergsagel D, et al. A randomized trial of maintenance versus no maintenance melphalan and prednisone in responding multiple myeloma patients. British Journal of Cancer. 1988;57:94–99
  37. Interferon as therapy for multiple myeloma: an individual patient data overview of 24 randomized trials and 4012 patients. British Journal of Haematology. 2001;113:1020–1034
  38. Fritz E, Ludwig H. Interferon-alpha treatment in multiple myeloma: meta-analysis of 30 randomised trials among 3948 patients. Annals of Oncology. 2000;11:1427–1436
  39. Schaar CG, Kluin-Nelemans HC, Te Marvelde C, et al. Interferon-alpha as maintenance therapy in patients with multiple myeloma. Annals of Oncology. 2005;16:634–639
  40. Berenson JR, Crowley JJ, Grogan TM, et al. Maintenance therapy with alternate-day prednisone improves survival in multiple myeloma patients. Blood. 2002;99:3163–3168
  41. Shustik C, Belch A, Robinson S, et al. Dexamethasone (dex) maintenance versus observation (obs) in patients with previously untreated multiple myeloma: a National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group Study:MY.7. Journal of Clinical Oncology. 2004;22:560s
  42. Attal M, Harousseau JL, Leyvraz S, et al. Maintenance therapy with thalidomide improves survival in patients with multiple myeloma. Blood. 2006;108:3289–3294
  43. Spencer A, Prince HM, Roberts A, et al. (ALLG) obotALaLG. Thalidomide improves survival when used following ASCT. Haematologica. 2007;92:41

PII: S1521-6926(07)00070-9

doi: 10.1016/j.beha.2007.09.004

Best Practice & Research Clinical Haematology
Volume 20, Issue 4 , Pages 737-746 , December 2007